Abstract
Amino acids are ubiquitous vital biomolecules found in all kinds of living organisms including those in the microbial world. They are utilised as nutrients and control many biological functions in microorganisms such as cell division, cell wall formation, cell growth and metabolism, intermicrobial communication (quorum sensing), and microbial-host interactions. Amino acids in the form of enzymes also play a key role in enabling microbes to resist antimicrobial drugs. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and microbial biofilms are posing a great threat to the world’s human and animal population and are of prime concern to scientists and medical professionals. Although amino acids play an important role in the development of microbial resistance, they also offer a solution to the very same problem i.e., amino acids have been used to develop antimicrobial peptides as they are highly effective and less prone to microbial resistance. Other important applications of amino acids include their role as anti-biofilm agents, drug excipients, drug solubility enhancers, and drug adjuvants. This review aims to explore the emerging paradigm of amino acids as potential therapeutic moieties.
Highlights
Amino acids are important biomolecules and the very basic constituents or building blocks of proteins [1]
By mimicking one or more of these properties, non-proteogenic amino acids are mistaken for as chemical structure, size, shape, and charge, etc., similar to those exhibited by normal proteogenic normal amino acids and during protein biosynthesis, they are incorporated into different proteins [13]
Microorganisms are generally capable of producing all the glycolytic pathway or pentose phosphate pathway, and nitrogen that comes from ammonia required amino acids, the mechanism of amino acid biosynthesis
Summary
Amino acids are important biomolecules and the very basic constituents or building blocks of proteins [1]. By mimicking one or more of these properties, non-proteogenic amino acids are mistaken for as chemical structure, size, shape, and charge, etc., similar to those exhibited by normal proteogenic normal amino acids and during protein biosynthesis, they are incorporated into different proteins [13]. Azetidine-2-carboxilic acid is a different proteins [13] This incorporation of non‐proteogenic amino acids results in the formation of non-proteogenic amino acid (found in sugar beets), due to structural similarities, behaves the same unnatural proteins with improper functionalities and causes undesired consequences [9]. Non‐essential amino acids include alanine, This review is an effort to highlight different physicochemical properties of amino acids, their aspartate, asparagine, arginine, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine microbial biosynthesis, their role in intermicrobial interaction as well as microbe-host interactions, and [19]. 2) during deamination the oxidativeofdeamination of stereo‐selected amino acids [33]
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