Abstract
The presence of leaky vasculature and the lack of lymphatic drainage of small structures by the solid tumors formulate nanoparticles as promising delivery vehicles in cancer therapy. In particular, among various nanoparticles, the mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) exhibit numerous outstanding features, including mechanical thermal and chemical stability, huge surface area and ordered porous interior to store different anti-cancer therapeutics with high loading capacity and tunable release mechanisms. Furthermore, one can easily decorate the surface of MSN by attaching ligands for active targeting specifically to the cancer region exploiting overexpressed receptors. The controlled release of drugs to the disease site without any leakage to healthy tissues can be achieved by employing environment responsive gatekeepers for the end-capping of MSN. To achieve precise cancer chemotherapy, the most desired delivery system should possess high loading efficiency, site-specificity and capacity of controlled release. In this review we will focus on multimodal decorations of MSN, which is the most demanding ongoing approach related to MSN application in cancer therapy. Herein, we will report about the recently tried efforts for multimodal modifications of MSN, exploiting both the active targeting and stimuli responsive behavior simultaneously, along with individual targeted delivery and stimuli responsive cancer therapy using MSN.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide, characterized by unregulated cell division and cell growth, a fundamental aberration in cellular behaviors [1]
In this review we will focus on multimodal decorations of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), which is the most demanding ongoing approach related to MSN application in cancer therapy
Chemotherapy is widely used for the systemic treatment of advanced or malignant tumors, most of the chemotherapeutic agents are associated with severe side-effects of destroying the normal healthy cells and limited by cancer cell induced multidrug resistance (MDR) [5,6]
Summary
Cancer is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide, characterized by unregulated cell division and cell growth, a fundamental aberration in cellular behaviors [1]. Liposomal-based drug delivery becomes one of the most promising approaches because of its high biocompatibility, flexibility in preparing various formulations, and easy synthesis to incorporate targeting moieties [17,18,19]. There are various inorganic materials developed so far as delivery systems trying to overcome the loading inefficiency, leakage and the uncontrolled release of the cargo, e.g., metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) [23,24,25,26,27]. In comparison to other nanoparticles, the MSN exhibit numerous outstanding features, including good biocompatibility, mechanical thermal and chemical stability, and most importantly, immense loading capacity of various cargos and their possible time-dependent release, thanks to the large surface area, high pore volume and narrow distribution of the tunable pore diameters of MSN [29,30]. We will include the plausible applications of MSN in cancer diagnosis
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