Multimodal approach to address the multifaceted nature of Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders: Bridging the gap between research and clinical practice

Abstract

Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders encompass variousconditions impacting bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments,and nerves. An estimated 1.71 billion individuals globallyhave MSK disorders, causing disability and reduced qualityof life. Literature contradicts the notion thatmusculoskeletal pain and disability solely arise fromphysical impairments; psychological, behavioural, andsocial factors contribute significantly. These facetsinfluence pain perception and chronic impairmentdevelopment. Common interventions—medication,exercise, manual and hydrotherapy, electro-thermalmodalities, behavioural and alternative therapies—addresspain individually, yet lack the comprehensive responserequired. In contrast, a multimodal approach combinesdiverse therapies tailored to individual needs. It ensureslasting symptom relief, prevents recurrence, and improvesfunction. Although proven effective, clinicalimplementation of this approach remains limited. Thismini-review discusses the reasons behind this gap,underscores multimodal approach importance, andenlightens rehabilitation professionals on its potential formanaging chronic musculoskeletal issues.MeSH Keywords: Humans, Musculosketal Pain, Quality ofLife, Social Factors, Hydrotherapy, ComplementaryTherapies.