Multimessenger analysis strategy for core-collapse supernova search: gravitational waves and low-energy neutrinos

Abstract

Core-collapse supernovae are fascinating astrophysical objects for multimessenger studies. Gravitational waves are expected to play an important role in the supernova explosion mechanism. Unfortunately, their modeling is challenging, due to the stochastic nature of the dynamics and the vast range of possible progenitors. Therefore, the gravitational wave detection from these objects is still elusive with already advanced detectors. Low-energy neutrinos will be emitted copiously during the core-collapse explosion and can help the gravitational wave counterpart search. In this work, we develop a multimessenger strategy to look for such astrophysical objects. We exploit a global network of both low-energy neutrino and gravitational wave detectors. First, we discuss how to improve the detection potential of the neutrino sub-network by exploiting the time profile of a neutrino burst from a core-collapse supernova. We show that in the proposed approach, neutrino detectors can gain at least 10% of detection efficiency at the distance where their efficiency drops. Then, we combine the information provided by gravitational wave and neutrino signals in a multimessenger analysis. In particular, by using the clusters of low-energy neutrinos observed by LVD and KamLAND detectors in combination with the gravitational wave triggers from LIGO-Virgo detector network, we obtain an increase of the probability to detect the gravitational wave signal from a core-collapse supernova at 60 kpc, from zero to ∼33% for some specific gravitational wave emission model.