Abstract
Nature has evolved with a recurring strategy to achieve unusual mechanical properties through coupling variable elastic moduli from a few GPa to below KPa within a single tissue. The ability to produce multi-material, three-dimensional (3D) micro-architectures with high fidelity incorporating dissimilar components has been a major challenge in man-made materials. Here we show multi-modulus metamaterials whose architectural element is comprised of encoded elasticity ranging from rigid to soft. We found that, in contrast to ordinary architected materials whose negative Poisson’s ratio is dictated by their geometry, these type of metamaterials are capable of displaying Poisson’s ratios from extreme negative to zero, independent of their 3D micro-architecture. The resulting low density metamaterials is capable of achieving functionally graded, distributed strain amplification capabilities within the metamaterial with uniform micro-architectures. Simultaneous tuning of Poisson’s ratio and moduli within the 3D multi-materials could open up a broad array of material by design applications ranging from flexible armor, artificial muscles, to actuators and bio-mimetic materials.
Highlights
Efforts have been developed over the past decades to create dissimilar materials using indirect joining, aerosol jet, multi-vat stereolithography, direct ink writing of different colors, or extrusion based techniques [24–26]
Fabrication of architected metamaterials of single materials, from polymers, to metallic and ceramic have seen considerable growth in the past decades on creating arbitrary shaped 3D architectures[1,36]. The fabrication of these microlattices is enabled by a high-resolution projection microstereolithography (PμSL), additive micro manufacturing process capable of fabricating arbitrary three-dimensional micro-scale structures[37,38]
We have shown that a new digital light projection micro-stereolithography approach capable of assembling dissimilar materials with encoded stiffness from a few megapascal to over 600 MPa
Summary
Materials with designed three-dimensional micro-architectures offer multiple beneficial properties such as low weight[1,2], high stiffness and strength[1,3], negative poisson ratio[4,5,6,7] and energy absorptions[8,9,10] and can open up a myriad of material by design applications from flexible armor[11,12], responsive materials[13,14] to bio-mimetic materials[15,16,17,18]. Efforts have been developed over the past decades to create dissimilar materials using indirect joining, aerosol jet, multi-vat stereolithography, direct ink writing of different colors, or extrusion based techniques [24–26]. Fabrication of architected metamaterials of single materials, from polymers, to metallic and ceramic have seen considerable growth in the past decades on creating arbitrary shaped 3D architectures[1,36]. The fabrication of these microlattices is enabled by a high-resolution projection microstereolithography (PμSL), additive micro manufacturing process capable of fabricating arbitrary three-dimensional micro-scale structures[37,38]. The use of multiple materials in additive manufacturing presents challenges with managing contamination between material systems, which leads to blended colors and poor segregations of printed features with distinct properties
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