Multimass modelling of Milky Way globular clusters – I. Implications on their stellar initial mass function above 1 M⊙

Abstract

ABSTRACT The distribution of stars and stellar remnants (white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes) within globular clusters holds clues about their formation and long-term evolution, with important implications for their initial mass function (IMF) and the formation of black hole mergers. In this work, we present best-fitting multimass models for 37 Milky Way globular clusters, which were inferred from various data sets, including proper motions from Gaia EDR3 and HST, line-of-sight velocities from ground-based spectroscopy and deep stellar mass functions from HST. We use metallicity-dependent stellar evolution recipes to obtain present-day mass functions of stars and remnants from the IMF. By dynamically probing the present-day mass function of all objects in a cluster, including the mass distribution of remnants, these models allow us to explore in detail the stellar (initial) mass functions of a large sample of Milky Way GCs. We show that, while the low-mass mass function slopes are strongly dependent on the dynamical age of the clusters, the high-mass slope (α3; m > 1 M⊙) is not, indicating that the mass function in this regime has generally been less affected by dynamical mass loss. Examination of this high-mass mass function slope suggests an IMF in this mass regime consistent with a Salpeter IMF is required to reproduce the observations. This high-mass IMF is incompatible with a top-heavy IMF, as has been proposed recently. Finally, based on multimass model fits to our sample of Milky Way GCs, no significant correlation is found between the high-mass IMF slope and cluster metallicity.