Abstract
This study evaluates the prevalence, diversity, and genetic profiles of Candida albicans isolates recovered from the oral cavities of haemodialysis patients. Oral swab samples were obtained from haemodialysis patients (n = 126) and healthy control subjects (n = 233) and Candida species were characterised. There was no significant difference between the haemodialysis and control groups in the prevalence of yeast carriers (23.6% vs. 31.0%, respectively) or C. albicans carriers (19.8% vs. 21.0%, respectively). C. albicans was the most populous species in both cohorts, followed by C. parapsilosis. C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata were more prevalent in the haemodialysis group than in the control group (C. parapsilosis 5.6% vs. 0.9% and C. glabrata 3.2% vs. 0.4%, respectively; P < 0.05). C. albicans isolates were analysed by multilocus sequence typing and the results were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. Most haemodialysis isolates were placed into Clade 4 (20.0%) and Clade 19 (16.0%) and most control isolates into Clade 8 (17%) and Clade 4 (14.9%). Differences in the strain abundance in each clade were not statistically significant between the two groups. Moreover, there was no significant association between the health status or diagnosis and either the sequence types or clades.
Highlights
In recent years, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased in both incidence and prevalence, and has become a worldwide public health problem
C. parapsilosis was identified in 17.9% (7/39) of carriers, C. glabrata in 10.3% (4/39), C. tropicalis in 5.1% (2/39), Clavispora lusitaniae in 5.1% (2/39), C. inconspicua in 2.6% (1/39), and Meyerozyma guilliermondii in 2.6% (1/39)
This study evaluated the prevalence, diversity, and genetic profiles of C. albicans isolates recovered from the naturally colonised oral mucosa of 126 haemodialysis patients and 233 volunteers visiting dentist clinics
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased in both incidence and prevalence, and has become a worldwide public health problem. Chronic renal failure predisposes patients to opportunistic infections, mainly of fungal origin[9], and haemodialysis has been identified as a major risk factor for candidaemia[10,11]. Most of these opportunistic infections are cutaneous and affect the moist mucosal membranes, especially those of the oral cavity[12,13,14]. Patients than of healthy controls[2,33,34,35] To address this knowledge gap, the objective of this study was to assess and compare the prevalence of yeast colonisation in the oral cavities of haemodialysis patients and healthy individuals. We report here the identities of the yeast species, their relative abundance, and their genetic profiles
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