Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main bacterial agents responsible for cases of mastitis in ruminants, playing an important role in the persistence and chronicity of diseases treated with antimicrobials. Using the multilocus sequence typing technique, network approaches and study of the population diversity of microorganisms, we performed analyzes of S. aureus (ES-GPM) isolated from goats with persistent mastitis (GPM). The most strains of ES-GPM were categorically different phylogenetically from the others and could be divided into two lineages: one with a majority belonging to ES-GPM and the other to varied strains. These two lineages were separated by 27 nuclear polymorphisms. The 43 strains comprised 22 clonal complexes (CCs), of which the ES-GPM strains were present in CC133, CC5 and a new complex formed by the sequence type 4966. The genetic diversity of some alleles showed be greater diversity and polymorphism than others, such as of the aroE and yqiL genes less than glpF gene. In addition, the sequences ES-GPM to the arc gene and glpF alleles showed the greatest number of mutations for ES-GPM in relation to non-ES-GPM. Therefore, this study identified genetic polymorphisms characteristic of S. aureus isolated from milk of goats diagnosed with persistent mastitis after the failed treatment with the antibiotic enrofloxacin. This study may help in the future to identify and discriminate this agent in cases of mastitis, and with that, the most appropriate antibiotic treatment can be performed in advance of the appearance of persistent mastitis caused by the agent, reducing the chances of premature culling and animal suffering.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main bacterial agents responsible for cases of mastitis in ruminants, playing an important role in the persistence and chronicity of diseases treated with antimicrobials
Population analyses of bacteria based on data from different loci using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) schemes can provide important epidemiological results, especially if confronted with different methods involving genealogical typing[20]. It was the aim of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity of S. aureus (ES-GPM) isolated from goats with persistent mastitis (GPM) through MLST scheme and compare with other sequence of S. aureus isolated from different other types of mastitis and hosts that are deposited in the PubMLST d atabase[21], using phylogeographical, phylogenetic, and diversity approaches
A total of 43 isolates were analyzed in this study. Within these 43, 18 (ES-GPM) isolates from the milk of animals were diagnosed with GPM at Capril Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), named Minas Gerai—LDBAC (Table S1). Another 25 isolates of animals diagnosed with mastitis were selected from the PubMLST database; these are shown in supplementary Table S3
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main bacterial agents responsible for cases of mastitis in ruminants, playing an important role in the persistence and chronicity of diseases treated with antimicrobials. S. aureus is part of a small group of bacteria that can be named as ’persisters’ in some d iseases[4], since administration of antibiotic treatments based on correct protocols allows the survival of a distinct form of bacterial subpopulation in an infection[5]. This bacterial agent is one of the most commonly found pathogens in clinical mastitis in several livestock species[1], such as goats[6]. Reconstructing bacterial haplotypes is required when choosing the right treatments for diseases caused by specific haplotypes in a p opulation[19]
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