Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is one of the most widely occurring zoonotic protozoan parasites causing diarrheal disease in calves. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of G. duodenalis in Korean native calves and elucidate the causal factors associated with giardiasis in these animals. We investigated the sequences of three genes (ssu, bg, and gdh) of G. duodenalis in fecal samples collected from 792 Korean native calves during 2019–2020. Data were analyzed with regard to age, sex, sampling season, and the fecal sample type (based on its physical characteristics). The samples were screened for the three genes mentioned above, and 44 samples (5.6%) were G. duodenalis-positive. Polymerase chain reaction results showed a significantly higher prevalence of the infection in calves aged ≥1 month and in those with watery diarrhea in spring season. Screening for the gene sequences ssu (87.5%), bg (96.2%), and gdh (96.7%) revealed that most of the G. duodenalis-positive samples belonged to assemblage E. Four of the G. duodenalis-positive samples belonged to the zoonotic assemblage A. This study highlights the importance of continuous surveillance of genetic mutations in G. duodenalis for the detection of emerging variants of zoonotic G. duodenalis in calves.
Highlights
Giardia duodenalis is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes intestinal diseases in various host species
Giardiasis in cattle is caused by G. duodenalis and is one of the most important parasitic diseases associated with diarrhea in calves [4]
Previous studies have reported that cattle are one of the important hosts responsible for zoonotic transmission of giardiasis to humans, and molecular epidemiological analysis of G. duodenalis from cattle is required to elucidate the role of cattle as a potential zoonotic reservoir [9]
Summary
Giardia duodenalis (synonyms Giardia intestinalis, Giardia lamblia) is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes intestinal diseases in various host species. Giardiasis in cattle is caused by G. duodenalis and is one of the most important parasitic diseases associated with diarrhea in calves [4]. The pathogenesis of this protozoan parasite is not fully understood yet, the pathogen is known to cause diffuse shortening of brush border microvilli and malabsorption of water, sodium, and glucose [5]. Previous studies have reported that cattle are one of the important hosts responsible for zoonotic transmission of giardiasis to humans, and molecular epidemiological analysis of G. duodenalis from cattle is required to elucidate the role of cattle as a potential zoonotic reservoir [9]
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