Abstract
Phylogeographical studies can reveal hidden patterns in the evolutionary history of species. Comparative analyses of closely related species can further help disentangle the relative contributions of processes responsible for such patterns. In this work, the phylogeography of two aristeid species, Aristeus antennatus and Aristaeomorpha foliacea, was compared through multiple genetic markers. These marine shrimp species are of high commercial importance, and are exploited in the Mediterranean Sea (MED) and in Mozambique Channel (MOZ) where they occur in partial sympatry. Aristeus antennatus (N = 50) from Western and Eastern Mediterranean (WM and EM, respectively), Atlantic Ocean (AO) and MOZ, and Aristaeomorpha foliacea (N = 40) from WM, EM, MOZ North-Western Australia (AUS) were analyzed with two nuclear genes (PEPCK and NaK) and one mitochondrial (COI) gene. Within the study area differences were found between the two species in their phylogeographical patterns, suggesting distinct responses to environmental changes. Monophyly of Aristeus antennatus was found across its distributional range. This pattern contrasted by a deep evolutionary split within Aristaeomorpha foliacea where genetic diversity followed geography distinguishing MED-MOZ and AUS. We propose that the AUS lineage of A. foliacea warrants consideration as a distinct species, with consequent implications in systematics and resource management.
Highlights
Aristeid shrimps (Aristeidae, Wood-Mason 1891) are a group of commercially important species within the superfamily Penaeoidea (Rafinesque 1815), which are known as red shrimps because of their body coloration [1]
Sampling Sub-samples of 50 Aristeus antennatus and 40 Aristaeomorpha foliacea individuals were selected from previous works based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) [17,18] according to two criteria: i) each putative biogeographical region had to be represented by 10 individuals, ii) previous levels of within locality mitochondrial genetic were maintained (Table S1 and Table S2)
Biogeographical regions selected for Aristeus antennatus [17] were Alboran Sea (ALB), Western Mediterranean (WM), Eastern Mediterranean (EM), Atlantic Ocean (AO) and Mozambique Channel (MOZ) (Table 1); Gulf of Lion was selected as representative of WM and Ionian Sea as representative of EM
Summary
Aristeid shrimps (Aristeidae, Wood-Mason 1891) are a group of commercially important species within the superfamily Penaeoidea (Rafinesque 1815), which are known as red shrimps because of their body coloration [1]. Aristeus antennatus (Risso, 1816) and Aristaeomorpha foliacea (Risso, 1827) are the two most economically valuable species of the Aristeidae family. They occur in sympatry in a large part of their geographical and bathymetrical distribution. Aristeus antennatus is distributed in the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent Atlantic Ocean, from Portugal to Cape Verde Islands [5]. Aristaeomorpha foliacea is found within the same geographical range of Aristeus antennatus, but in the Indian Ocean its distribution is much wider, reaching North-Western Australia coastal waters [6]. Since 1930s both shrimp species have been harvested in the Mediterranean
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