Abstract
The purpose of the study is to explore the effects of multilevel identification sources on negative and positive deviant workplace behavior within the theoretical framework of social exchange and social identity theories. Data were collected from a survey of 425 participants working in different sectors in Turkey. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research model. Results showed that organizational identification is negatively associated with negative deviant workplace behavior and positively associated with positive deviant workplace behavior. In addition, it was found that organizational identification is more related to the organizational dimension of negative and positive deviant workplace behavior; on the other hand, relational identification is more related to the interpersonal dimension of negative and positive deviant workplace behavior within the target similarity model. However, no significant relationship between occupational identification and negative deviant workplace behavior was found.
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