Abstract
Recent studies have shown that wireless mesh networks (WMNs) can be cheap, reliable, and efficient solutions for Internet of Things (IoTs) applications and connected devices. However, the increase in the size of the WMNs could lead to a degradation in performance. This makes the network vulnerable to high error rates over noisy and fading channels. This has increased the demand for more efficient channel coding schemes that can provide reliability, high data rate, high coding gain, energy efficiency, and minimum decoding complexity especially for low-cost and special purpose WMNs. In this research, an original multilevel coding with twofold concatenation scheme is designed based on high-rate space-time block codes (HRSTBCs) to cope with this increasing demand, particularly in MIMO-based WMNs. First, a multilevel coding scheme is implemented by correlating HRSTBCs with the uniquely constructed set-partitioning of the transmission matrix, based on the coding gain distance (CGD) criterion. This generates a new scheme, namely multilevel high-rate space-time block code (MHRSTBC), to provide a high transmission rate. Second, a twofold concatenation coding scheme is introduced by concatenating Reed-Solomon (RS) code, has been used for its energy efficiency and optimality in the mobile environment, with the inner code of the associated MHRSTBC. This has formed a new scheme that reaches the maximum coding gains, called the Reed-Solomon multilevel high-rate space-time block code (RS-MHRSTBC). The efficiency of the RS-MHRSTBC is verified by a computer simulation over a Rayleigh flat-fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The RS-MHRSTBC is compared with the classical schemes of Alamouti STBC and Multilevel STBC over uncoded QPSK, and the RS-MHRSTBC shows significant high coding gains reached of 47.79 dB, while Alamouti STBC and Multilevel STBC reached 38.12 dB and 44.30 dB at a BER of 10−6 respectively. RS-MHRSTBC also shows a reasonable decoding complexity while maintaining full transmission diversity at spectral efficiency of 2 bits/s/Hz.
Highlights
The recent popularity of the wireless mesh networks (WMNs) is mainly driven by the emergence of Internet of Things (IoTs) applications andThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Ghufran Ahmed.ubiquitous connected devices
This study focuses on improving the data rate, coding gain, and energy efficiency in WMNs by implementing an efficient and low-cost coding scheme highrate space-time block codes (STBCs) and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) over Rayleigh fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels to further empower the communication of the IoTs connected devices and applications
SIMULATION RESULTS The bit error rate (BER) curve is used to evaluate the performance quality of the proposed scheme, where the y-axis represents the average BER, and the x-axis represents the ratio of signal energy per symbol to noise power density per hertz (Es/N0), it is known as the signal to noise ratio (SNR)
Summary
The recent popularity of the wireless mesh networks (WMNs) is mainly driven by the emergence of IoTs applications and. We designed an efficient, simple, and cost-effective channel coding scheme to improve the IoTs devices communication over WMNs by improving the bit error rate (BER) and reducing the total number of data transmissions, which can reduce the power consumption and end-to-end delay. We present a candidate low-cost channel coding scheme that can support MIMO based WMNs-IoTs devices and applications in terms of low BER, robustness, reliability, and efficiency with average rate of 2 bits/symbol using 2 × 2 antennas over Rayleigh fading and AWGN channel. We apply MHRSTBC over Rayleigh fading and AWGN channels to produce a powerful scheme that can improve the performance of the IoTs ubiquitous devices communication and applications on top of WMNs. First, a λ-level partition chain P(λ) = W (0)/W (1)/ . It can be calculated that (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5) are 1.767, 1.767, 16, 16 and 64, respectively
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