Abstract
BackgroundDengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that is now endemic in most tropical countries. In Thailand, dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever is a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. A longitudinal study among 1750 people in two rural and one urban sites in northern Thailand from 2001 to 2003 studied spatial and temporal determinants for recent dengue infection at three levels (time, individual and household).MethodsDeterminants for dengue infection were measured by questionnaire, land-cover maps and GIS. IgM antibodies against dengue were detected by ELISA. Three-level multi-level analysis was used to study the risk determinants of recent dengue infection.ResultsRates of recent dengue infection varied substantially in time from 4 to 30%, peaking in 2002. Determinants for recent dengue infection differed per site. Spatial clustering was observed, demonstrating variation in local infection patterns. Most of the variation in recent dengue infection was explained at the time-period level. Location of a person and the environment around the house (including irrigated fields and orchards) were important determinants for recent dengue infection.ConclusionWe showed the focal nature of asymptomatic dengue infections. The great variation of determinants for recent dengue infection in space and time should be taken into account when designing local dengue control programs.
Highlights
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection, endemic in most tropical countries, and a major public health concern [1]
A few attempts have been made at linking land cover or spatial features to dengue infection since it was generally accepted that dengue transmission was restricted to urban areas and settlements rather than natural or agricultural environments [11,12]
The results indicate that land cover and spatial organization of villages and surrounding landscape play a role in dengue infection
Summary
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection, endemic in most tropical countries, and a major public health concern [1]. In Thailand, dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever has been classified a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children [1]. Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (=St. albopictus of [6]), having a controversial role in dengue transmission [7], is found in artificial and natural containers in rural and peri-urban areas [5]. As a result of phylogenetic studies of the mosquito tribe Aedini, Reinert et al [6] proposed generic status for a number of traditionally recognized subgenera of genus Aedes, including Stegomyia. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that is endemic in most tropical countries. In Thailand, dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever is a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. A longitudinal study among 1750 people in two rural and one urban sites in northern Thailand from 2001 to 2003 studied spatial and temporal determinants for recent dengue infection at three levels (time, individual and household)
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