Multi-Lead ECG Classification via an Information-Based Attention Convolutional Neural Network

Abstract

A novel structure based on channel-wise attention mechanism is presented in this paper. Embedding with the proposed structure, an efficient classification model that accepts multi-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) as input is constructed. One-dimensional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proven to be effective in pervasive classification tasks, enabling the automatic extraction of features while classifying targets. We implement the residual connection and design a structure which can learn the weights from the information contained in different channels in the input feature map during the training process. An indicator named mean square deviation is introduced to monitor the performance of a particular model segment in the classification task on the two out of the five ECG classes. The data in the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database is used and a series of control experiments is conducted. Utilizing both leads of the ECG signals as input to the neural network classifier can achieve better classification results than those from using single channel inputs in different application scenarios. Models embedded with the channel-wise attention structure always achieve better scores on sensitivity and precision than the plain Resnet models. The proposed model exceeds the performance of most of the state-of-the-art models in ventricular ectopic beats (VEB) classification and achieves competitive scores for supraventricular ectopic beats (SVEB). Adopting more lead ECG signals as input can increase the dimensions of the input feature maps, helping to improve both the performance and generalization of the network model. Due to its end-to-end characteristics, and the extensible intrinsic for multi-lead heart diseases diagnosing, the proposed model can be used for the realtime ECG tracking of ECG waveforms for Holter or wearable devices.