Abstract
Low flammable foam-like materials based on renewable bio-based polymers and sodium montmorillonite clay (MMT) were created using water as a solvent and following a simple freeze-drying process. Composites were formed by adding layers of the previously created gel precursors to a Polyvinyl alcohol / MMT based aerogel. A multi-step and a one-pot processes were followed to make the multi-layered aerogels, and the resultant properties of the different processing systems were compared. Similar adhesion between layers was observed in both processes although the multi-step required a longer manufacturing time. With the aim of improving the mechanical properties, chemical crosslinking of the Polyvinyl alcohol base was induced prior to lyophilization by immersing the material in a sodium borate solution. It was found that the mechanical response under compression was enhanced in regards to the non-crosslinked systems. A highly retardant composite material was fabricated by superposing an alginate/MMT at the external layer as the most promising system for fire protection
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