Multilayer Flexible Substrate Antenna Sensor for PT Measurement From Blood Plasma to Avoid Turbidity and Reagent Sensitivity Variations Through Regression Modelling

Abstract

Passive antenna is applied in medical applications such as sensor, radiometer, rectenna, and implantable device for accurate measurement and analysis. Moreover, passive antennas can replace the optical sensors in the pathological instruments to overcome the drawbacks such as optical interference, offset voltage, time consumption and dark current. Furthermore, prothrombin time (PT) measurement through optical and mechanical instruments requires repeated testing for accurate results due to turbidity (lipemia) in blood Plasma and reagent sensitivity during coagulation. Plasma samples in instruments with more K vitamin influences the accuracy of PT measurements. In this paper, we propose a method to measure the PT from blood plasma through passive Ultra-Wideband sensor and overcomes the above problem. The proposed multilayer flexible substrate ultra-wide band (MFS-UWB) passive antenna absorbs the electromagnetic radiations from the concentration of plasma during clotting. The Concentration of plasma is proportional to electromagnetic energy density during clotting. The clotting duration time is acquired based on voltage. During clotting, observed electromagnetic emitted voltage is converted into frequency for measuring the clot concentration and the observed radiation from human blood clotting frequency ranges from 2GHz to 3GHz and voltage from 0.55mV to 0.85mV. The acquired blood clotting concentration voltage measures the prothrombin time using regression modelling and validated through laboratory values.