Abstract
Visible light positioning (VLP) is a cost-effective solution to the increasing demand for real-time indoor positioning. However, owing to high computational costs and complicated image processing procedures, most of the existing VLP systems fail to deliver real-time positioning ability and better accuracy for image sensor-based large-area indoor environments. In this study, an effective method is proposed to receive coordinate information from multiple light-emitting diode (LED) lights simultaneously. It provides better accuracy in large experimental areas with many LEDs by using a smartphone-embedded image sensor as a terminal device and the existing LED lighting infrastructure. A flicker-free frequency shift on–off keying line coding modulation scheme was designed for the positioning system to ensure a constant modulated frequency. We tested the performance of the decoding accuracy with respect to vertical and horizontal distance, which utilizes a rolling shutter mechanism of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor. The experimental results of the proposed positioning system can provide centimeter-level accuracy with low computational time, rendering it a promising solution for the future direction of large-area indoor positioning systems.
Highlights
Indoor positioning has become a popular research topic in the past few decades owing to the demand for location-based services
Several experiments were conducted in this study, and the results show that the proposed system can achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy in large-area indoor environments
The image area on the image sensor depends on the size of the light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires, the distance between the LED light and the camera image sensor that we previously described in Section 3.1, the intensity of the LED light signal during transmission, and the number of LED lights in the camera FOV
Summary
Indoor positioning has become a popular research topic in the past few decades owing to the demand for location-based services. Visible light communication (VLC)-based indoor positioning systems have garnered significant attention. Several smartphone image sensor-based visible light positioning approaches have been proposed and implemented [10,11,12,13]. In [15], a positioning system was implemented using a double-LED as transmitter and an image sensor as a receiver that was capable of providing several centimeters of positioning accuracy in three-dimensional (3-D) systems. A VLC and mobile image sensor-based indoor positioning system using a single LED was implemented in [17]; from the system description, the experimental testbed and achieved lower positioning accuracy at 4.47 cm were not clear. In [18], the proposed indoor positioning using VLC and image sensor provided an accuracy of 6.96 cm
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
