Abstract
Multiple jets ejection in electrospinning has been a major approach to achieving a high production rate of ultrafine fibers, also known as nanofibers. This work studies the effect of solution parameters—including dielectric constant, polarity, conductivity and surface tension—on the jet number and jet evolution in the auxiliary electrode electrospinning approach. The results show that it is easier to generate 2–6 jets with short stable jet length (1.7–6.9 mm) under low voltage (5.03–7.13 kV) when solutions have higher dielectric constant (32.2–78.6) and larger surface tension (31.8–41.29 mN/m). The influence of solution properties on stable jet length and the influence of applied voltage to produce multiple jets are discussed in detail. This work provides a new perspective for understanding jet evolution and mass production of nanofibers in electrospinning.
Highlights
Studies of nanofibrous materials have dramatically increased over the past 20 years [1,2,3,4,5].At a research-level production scale, electrospinning is the most widely used technique for nanofiber fabrication [6,7,8,9]
The electrospun nanofibers have been applied in many fields, such as biomaterials [10,11], thermal responsive fibers [12,13], water treatment [14], actuators [15] and sensors [16,17]
Traditional electrospinning techniques usually bring in single jets during spinning and a low yield of nanofibers, which limits the industrialization of nanofibers [18,19,20]
Summary
At a research-level production scale, electrospinning is the most widely used technique for nanofiber fabrication [6,7,8,9]. It can produce nanofibers with diameters in the range of tens of nanometers to few micrometers, which have large specific surface area and large porosity. Traditional electrospinning techniques usually bring in single jets during spinning and a low yield of nanofibers (about 0.01–0.3 g/h), which limits the industrialization of nanofibers [18,19,20]. In order to overcome these drawbacks, some modifications such as installing auxiliary electrodes to control jet instability, adjusting nozzle
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