Abstract
<p indent=0mm>Actual operating results have revealed that imported down-fired boilers that use foreign technologies suffer from various problems, such as high carbon content in the fly ash, high NO<sub><italic>x</italic></sub> emissions, and heavy slagging. Gas/solid two-phase experiments, numerical simulations, and industrial measurements were carried out to investigate the flow, combustion, and NO<sub><italic>x</italic></sub> formation characteristics in a furnace of a down-fired boiler using different foreign technologies. The cause of these problems was found, and the foreign technologies were examined. Multi-injection multi-staging combustion technology for the down-fired boiler is proposed. This technology had been used in the design of four 600-MW and 350-MW new down-fired boilers and in the combustion system transformation of five 600-MW and 300-MW down-fired boilers. The problems originating from foreign down-fired pulverized coal combustion technologies have been solved, and economic and safe operation of a down-fired boiler has been realized.
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