Multiharmonic Correlations of Different Flow Amplitudes in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=2.76 TeV.

S Acharya,M Puccio,A Fernández Téllez,R Shahoyan,L Vickovic,Z Tang,G Clai,S Cho,G Mandaglio,C Jahnke,N Agrawal,W Shaikh,P Malzacher,M Concas,A Alici,O Pinazza,B Paul,P Roy,P Ghosh,S Chandra,S Chapeland,R Lietava,L Kumar,H Kim,C Gargiulo,J Honermann,E Hellbär,T Lazareva,D Di Bari,R Sultanov,V Vislavicius,A Harlenderova,N Zardoshti,M Gagliardi,P Sarma,A Akindinov,Q Shou,L Görlich,M Ippolitov,P Das,M Ivanov,E Meninno,A Nyanin,M Malaev,K Redlich,A Chauvin,S De Pasquale,F Antinori,I Szarka,P Lévai,J Schukraft,S Filchagin,T Sugitate,T Siemiarczuk,K Yamakawa,C Hadjidakis,S Kar,M Lettrich,F Herrmann,S Costanza,M Guilbaud,A Lindner,G Fiorenza,R Renfordt,F Ronchetti,V Vechernin,D Sarkar,R Singh,S Fokin,U Kebschull,K Garg,A Rustamov,S Hornung,K Krizkova Gajdosova,A Furs,S Biswas,A Kondratyev,S Nazarenko,C Kuhn,C Schmidt,F Torales-Acosta,S Jadlovska,L Boldizsár,E Ryabinkin,K Ullaland,J Cleymans,B Windelband,J Wikne,P Karczmarczyk,V Manzari,F Costa,Y Melikyan,R Haake,Y Ding,V Singhal,T Peitzmann,G 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Krivda,A Mastroserio,L Nellen,M Faggin,T Chujo,D Varga,G Tersimonov,F Manso,S Piano,N Zaviyalov,B Wagner,R Averbeck,S Muhuri,D Voscek,M Bombara,P Pareek,O Kovalenko,N Hussain,P Fecchio,S Yalcin,D Bauri,S Vergara Limón,D Evans,P Glässel,B Sahoo,M Mager,D Budnikov,U Fuchs,F Bock,I Vorobyev,A Telesca,R Sadek,J Zhu,M Pikna,V Loginov,R Schicker,D Adamová,P Giubilato,M Płoskoń,V Zherebchevskii,C Anuj,L Cunqueiro,A Rossi,N Smirnov,S Thakur,S Foertsch,Y Mao,A Grigoryan,P Huhn,V Trubnikov,M Chartier,A Karasu Uysal,D Sekihata,E Nappi,L Musa,C Cheshkov,A Modak,I Altsybeev,R Guernane,S Sakai,F Fan,D Stocco,K Lapidus,I Selyuzhenkov,E Kondratyuk,R Tieulent,T Virgili,M Shimomura,K Garner,B Kileng,H Hillemanns,E Bartsch,C Garabatos,P Ganoti,F Bellini,G Wilk,F Cindolo,S Vallero,O Jevons,C Blume,N Poljak,D Pagano,A Uras,M Agnello,F Flor,S Kiselev,C Ristea,S Sadovsky,S Raniwala,J Kvapil,Y Zhou,J Pazzini,K Barth,L Bratrud,A Ferrero,P Hristov,B Jacak,C Grigoras,G Hamar,S Nikulin,Z Buthelezi,A Ferretti,S Kundu,S Kirsch,G Aglieri Rinella,A Rakotozafindrabe,H Pereira Da Costa,A Collu,B Polichtchouk,S Murray,S Gorbunov,N Valle,L Micheletti,P Christiansen,S Bufalino,B Hippolyte,A Khanzadeev,B Erazmus,A Matyja,Y Pestov,P Christakoglou,B Bhattacharjee,M Schmidt,T Kim,I Morozov,P Nomokonov,J Takahashi,D Mühlheim,K Oyama,R Bellwied,Y Miake,E Fragiacomo,C Huang,Y Wu,V Manko,L Greiner,M Guittiere,S Dash,G Kornakov,V Muccifora,B Mohanty,E Calvo Villar,T Sinha,A Alkin,R Keidel,J Otwinowski,H Hassan,X Peng,D Colella,U Tabassam,A Shabanov,J Stachel,R Langoy,R Hosokawa,I Pshenichnov,S Arcelli,M Van Leeuwen,A Di Mauro,R Ilkaev,H Borel,W Deng,Z Conesa Del Valle,V Samsonov,J Kim,B Alessandro,N De Marco,S Yuan,A Zichichi,Z Rescakova,N Mohammadi,A Kuryakin,D Finogeev,O Villalobos Baillie,E Kryshen,R Lea,P Dhankher,M Krzewicki,A Shangaraev,I.-K Yoo,R Hannigan,F Noferini,J Pan,M Mazzilli,R Gupta,A Bolozdynya,R Lavicka,V Anguelov,S Evdokimov,J Porter,A Dainese,V Ivanov,S Chattopadhyay,G De Cataldo,A Gupta,A 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Yamaguchi,M Šumbera,G Scioli,L Vermunt,A Baldisseri,C Klein-Bösing,S Swain,V Izucheev,G Trombetta,A Bercuci,P Martinengo,B Kim,S Sambyal,A Caliva,R Nair,S Qiu,C Furget,A Vinogradov,C Kobdaj,M Masera,S Pisano,M Lunardon,F Baruffaldi,I Sputowska,L Malinina,F Riggi,M Jin,P Foka,C Suire,H Zbroszczyk,K Gulbrandsen,J Alme,R Preghenella,H Buesching,L Cifarelli,I Kisel,Y Zhang,A Ohlson,V Yurchenko,P Kurashvili,B Hohlweger,A Bianchi,E Karpechev,D Elia,S Delsanto,D Nesterov,A Tikhonov,M Sitta,E Willsher,S Khan,A Tumkin,B Lim,J Adolfsson,M Broz,M Meres,M Toppi,N Zurlo,S Panebianco,A Mulliri,R Grosso,S Sahoo,D Röhrich,A Fantoni,Z Varga,F Catalano,S Parmar,M Marquard,O Vázquez Doce,S Hayashi,Z Yin,M Inaba,S Trogolo,E Cuautle,N Bianchi,T Alt,X Lopez,E Botta,J Faivre,M Fusco Girard,M Germain,V Riabov,S Yang,V Petráček,C Terrevoli,D Silvermyr,A Zarochentsev,S Yano,P Sahoo,D Serebryakov,L Koska,L Betev,A Sevcenco,B Rumyantsev,P Pillot,P Gianotti,L Ramello,S Aziz,M Vasileiou,Y Kharlov,S Nikolaev,P La Rocca,V Barret,A Danu,G Boca,G Tejeda Muñoz,A Khatun,B Volkel,A Zaman,V Grigoriev,V Nikulin,Y Berdnikov,C Zampolli,G Eulisse,M Petrovici,Ø Djuvsland,A Rybicki,V Kučera,M Mohisin Khan,D Miśkowiec,A Kisiel,R Arnaldi,S Siddhanta,P Chochula,A Vasiliev,Y Sibiriak,M Rodríguez Cahuantzi,C Loizides,B Espagnon,M Zhalov,N Kondratyeva,P Giubellino,J Klein,A Feliciello,T Kollegger,M Ball,A Wegrzynek,R Bala,M Sharma,S Perrin,J Park,A Kravčáková,A Vargas,B Ketzer,G Zinovjev,Z Ahammed,T Richert,A Schmah,P Antonioli,R Sahoo,B Dönigus,N Van Der Kolk,R Vértesi,D Hutter,M Kowalski,F Reidt,M Verweij,B Cheynis,B Batyunya,A Maevskaya,J Jadlovsky,M Lamanna,S Masciocchi,C Nattrass,C Schiaua,A Harton,J De Cuveland,H Yokoyama,A Roy,D Hatzifotiadou,A Pop,P Crochet,A Toia,N Jacazio,N Bastid,F Grosa,A Margotti,V Lindenstruth,J Figiel,C Oppedisano,A Khuntia,M J Kweon ,Michael Rudolf Ciupek ,I B Guzman ,D J Kim ,W E Witt ,R Majka ,Nicolas Schmidt ,J A López ,Matthias Richter ,Mengke Cai ,K L Graham ,J L Bazo Alba 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Graczykowski ,I R Bhat ,R H Munzer ,M S Islam ,Jaehyeon Do ,T S Tveter ,Tabea Maria Eder ,Ganesh Jagannath Tambave ,A Szabó ,A R Timmins ,Martin Kroesen ,G G Barnaföldi ,S A Voloshin ,Ji Eun Lee ,S Beolè ,Pritam Chakraborty ,Simone Ragoni ,Chiara De Martin ,Suman Deb ,H F Degenhardt ,Andrei Riabov ,Y G ,Pablo Fierro Rojas ,Jinbo Liu ,A G Knospe ,T F D Silva ,Mohammad Asif Bhat ,Oveis Sheibani ,A Menchaca‐Rocha ,Magnus Rentsch Ersdal ,Maksim Melnik Storetvedt ,C H Christensen ,I Léon Monźon ,Hira Ilyas ,Stephan Friedrich Stiefelmaier ,G Garcı́a ,Clara Bartels ,A V Kazantsev ,Sushanta Tripathy ,M B Gay Ducati ,Aude Marie Camille Glaenzer ,Qasim Waheed Malik ,Mustafa Anaam ,Dmitry Aleksandrov ,Antonio Palasciano ,G Bencédi ,S Prasad ,S K Saha ,Martin Andreas Volkl ,Kamil Rafał Deja ,A Khan ,Lucrezia Camilla Migliorin ,Chiara Pinto ,Sebastian Dominik Koryciak ,Seyed Farid Taghavi ,Christos Pliatskas Stylianidis ,Siyu Tang ,K Šafařı́k ,A I Sheikh ,Xiaozhi Bai ,Г Феофилов ,Justin Thomas Blair ,Tomasz Piotr Trzciński ,Erin Frances Gauger ,Ejiro Naomi Umaka ,S V Nesbo ,Oskari Antti Matti Saarimaki ,A K Dubey ,Negin Alizadehvandchali ,P Bühler ,Nicola Rubini ,L A P Moreno ,Svetlana Belokurova ,Alexander Philipp Kalweit ,Stephan Alexander Konigstorfer ,J P Wessels ,M Słupecki ,T B Skaali ,Takumi Osako ,D Berényi ,Sebastian Adam Bysiak ,M G Târzilă ,Guillaume Taillepied ,E J Kim ,T Tripathy ,Matthew Daniel Buckland ,H R Schmidt ,Valentina Mantovani Sarti ,Juan Manuel Mejia Camacho ,S P Rode ,J S Kim ,Sandro Christian Wenzel ,Marta Urioni ,M G Munhoz ,S Y Noh ,Tomáš Heřman ,M H P Sas ,Lennart Van Doremalen ,Jonathan Samuel Colburn ,A Badalá ,Florian Jonas ,P Lončar ,Fabio De Moraes Canedo ,R J Ehlers ,G M Innocenti ,F M Fionda ,Saul Anibal Rodriguez Ramirez ,Swati Saha ,Kenneth Francis Read ,V González ,B A Trzeciak ,Przemyslaw Stefan Rokita ,Ophelie Bugnon ,H M Alfanda ,G Bíró ,G V Margagliotti ,H J C Zanoli ,H Rytkonen ,Adrian Florin Mechler ,Michael Andreas Winn ,A Maŕın 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doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.092302

Abstract

The event-by-event correlations between three flow amplitudes are measured for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, using higher-order symmetric cumulants. We find that different three-harmonic correlations develop during the collective evolution of the medium when compared to correlations that exist in the initial state. These new results cannot be interpreted in terms of previous lower-order flow measurements since contributions from two-harmonic correlations are explicitly removed in the new observables. A comparison to MonteCarlo simulations provides new and independent constraints for the initial conditions and system properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions.

Highlights

The event-by-event correlations between three flow amplitudes are measured for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, using higher-order symmetric cumulants
Results from heavy-ion collision data are consistent with the scenario in which the produced nuclear matter undergoes collective expansion, dominated by its hydrodynamic response to the anisotropies in the initial state geometry
The successful description of heavy-ion data with hydrodynamic models was essential to determine the low value of η=s of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) [3] and established the perfect liquid paradigm, one of the most striking recent discoveries in high-energy physics [4,5,6]

Summary

Introduction

The event-by-event correlations between three flow amplitudes are measured for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, using higher-order symmetric cumulants. [12,18] showed that the different SCðk; lÞ observables have different sensitivities to the initial conditions of a heavy-ion collision and properties of the created system and can help in separating the effects of η=s in the final state anisotropies from the contributions originating in the initial state. These higher-order observables extract the genuine correlation among multiple flow amplitudes and provide new and independent constraints for both the initial conditions and the QGP properties.

Results

Conclusion