Abstract
The emergence of multiple global navigation satellite systems (multi-GNSS), including global positioning system (GPS), global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS), and Galileo, brings not only great opportunities for real-time precise point positioning (PPP), but also challenges in quality control because of inevitable data anomalies. This research aims at achieving the real-time quality control of the multi-GNSS combined PPP using additional observations with opposite weight. A robust multiple-system combined PPP estimation is developed to simultaneously process observations from all the four GNSS systems as well as single, dual, or triple systems. The experiment indicates that the proposed quality control can effectively eliminate the influence of outliers on the single GPS and the multiple-system combined PPP. The analysis on the positioning accuracy and the convergence time of the proposed robust PPP is conducted based on one week’s data from 32 globally distributed stations. The positioning root mean square (RMS) error of the quad-system combined PPP is 1.2 cm, 1.0 cm, and 3.0 cm in the east, north, and upward components, respectively, with the improvements of 62.5%, 63.0%, and 55.2% compared to those of single GPS. The average convergence time of the quad-system combined PPP in the horizontal and vertical components is 12.8 min and 12.2 min, respectively, while it is 26.5 min and 23.7 min when only using single-GPS PPP. The positioning performance of the GPS, GLONASS, and BDS (GRC) combination and the GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo (GRE) combination is comparable to the GPS, GLONASS, BDS and Galileo (GRCE) combination and it is better than that of the GPS, BDS, and Galileo (GCE) combination. Compared to GPS, the improvements of the positioning accuracy of the GPS and GLONASS (GR) combination, the GPS and Galileo (GE) combination, the GPS and BDS (GC) combination in the east component are 53.1%, 43.8%, and 40.6%, respectively, while they are 55.6%, 48.1%, and 40.7% in the north component, and 47.8%, 40.3%, and 34.3% in the upward component.
Highlights
Real-time precise point position (PPP) is an innovative global positioning technique using a single receiver on the basis of real-time satellite orbit and clock products [1,2,3,4]
In this paper’s work, the multi-GNSS combined PPP model was first built for processing arbitrary combinations as well as the single system positioning
For the quality control of the multi-GNSS combined PPP, a robust method was proposed based on additional observations with opposite weight
Summary
Real-time precise point position (PPP) is an innovative global positioning technique using a single receiver on the basis of real-time satellite orbit and clock products [1,2,3,4]. Real-time global positioning system (GPS) PPP has been widely used in the real-time determination of integrated water vapor, precision agriculture applications, and natural hazards monitoring [13,14,15,16,17]. It takes much longer convergence time with only GPS in some cases, depending on satellite geometry and prevailing atmospheric conditions [18,19]. The parameter estimation of the multi-GNSS combined PPP will be influenced and it is difficult to take full advantage of the combined systems
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