Abstract
The Hypoxylon species play an important ecological role in tropical rainforest as wood-decomposers, and some might have benefical effects on their hosts as endophytes. The present work concerns a survey of the genus Hypoxylon from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park of China. Four new species: H. wuzhishanense, H. hainanense, H.chrysalidosporum, and H.cyclobalanopsidis, were discovered based on a combination of morphological characteristics and molecular data. Hypoxylon wuzhishanense is characterized by Rust pulvinate stromata, amyloid apical apparatus and brown ascospores, with most of the perispore being indehiscent in 10% KOH. Hypoxylon hainanense has effused–pulvinate and Violet stromata, amyloid apical apparatus, light-brown to brown ascospores with straight germ slit and dehiscent perispore. Hypoxylonchrysalidosporum is distinguished by glomerate to pulvinate stromata, highly reduced or absent inamyloid apical apparatus, and light-brown to brown ascospores with very conspicuous coil-like ornamentation. Hypoxyloncyclobalanopsidis has Livid Purple pulvinate stromata, highly reduced amyloid apical apparatus, faint bluing, brown ascospores and dehiscent perispore, and it grows on dead branches of Cyclobalanopsis. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, and contrasts with morphologically similar species are provided. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS, RPB2, LSU, and β-tubulin sequences confirmed that the four new species are distinct within the genus Hypoxylon.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilHypoxylon Bull., described by Bulliard in 1791 [1], is a genus that contains primarily saprotrophs and endophytes of angiospermous plants [2,3]
The sequence datasets for the contributions of the molecular phylogenetic trees consisted of 82 ITS, 57 LSU, 58 RPB2, and 81 β-tubulin sequences
All of the 278 sequences came from 79 strains including 4 newly described Hypoxylon taxa, 58 known Hypoxyplon taxa, 3 Annulohypoxylon taxa, 2 Daldinia taxa, 3 Hypomontagnella taxa, 2 Jackrogersella taxa, 3 Pyrenopolyporus taxa, 1 Rhopalostroma taxon and 1 Thamnomyces taxon, as well as the
Summary
Hypoxylon Bull., described by Bulliard in 1791 [1], is a genus that contains primarily saprotrophs and endophytes of angiospermous plants [2,3]. The genus Hypoxylon, together with Annulohypoxylon Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers, H.M. Hsieh and Daldinia Ces., De Not., are all closely associated with both dicots and, infrequently, monocots in forest ecosystems [4]. Most hypoxylaceous fungi have a strong capacity to degrade cellulose and lignin and are important elements in forest ecosystems, playing a key ecological role in carbon circulation [5]. The endophytic stages of these fungi may even benefit their host plants by protecting them from pathogens [6,7]
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