Abstract
In this work, bio-based membranes prepared using a crosslinked β-glucans–chitosan dispersed in the chitosan matrix useful in promoting wound healing were studied for the first-time. Wound healing is a process that includes sequential steps designed to restore the structure and function of damaged cells and tissue. To minimize damage and the risk of infection during the healing process and to promote restoration of the integrity of damaged tissue, the wound should be dressed. Generally, according to their function in the wound, dressings are classified on the basis of type of material and physical form. The substances used to make a dressing are generally natural polymers such as hydrocolloids, alginates, polyurethane, collagen, chitosan, pectin and hyaluronic acid. The combination of polymeric substances, with antibacterial and antioxidant properties, could be exploited in the biomedical field for the development of biocompatible materials able to act as a barrier between the wound and the external environment, protecting the site from bacterial contamination and promoting healing. To this aim, bio-based membranes were prepared by the phase inversion induced by solvent evaporation, using the crosslinked β-glucans–chitosan obtained by esterification reactions as a functional additive in the chitosan membrane. The reaction intermediates and the final products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) while the morphological properties of membranes were analyzed using electronic scanning microscopy (SEM). The chemical bonding between chitosan and β-glucans allowed for the obtainment of a better dispersion of the combined new material into the membrane’s matrix and as a consequence, an enhanced antibacterial property evaluated through in vitro tests, with respect to the starting materials.
Highlights
Wound healing is an important biological process involving tissue repair and regeneration following damage to the skin or intrinsic skin barriers [1,2]
Chitosan, a natural linear polysaccharide composed of D-glucosamine and Nacetyl-D-glucosamine, linked via β (1–4) bonds derived from the deacetylation of chitin [24], has several properties such as antibacterial activity, good biodegradation, exceptional biocompatibility, and non-toxicity that make it an excellent candidate as a base material in the production of wound treatment materials [25,26,27]
Novel chitosan-based membranes, in which the synthesized material obtained through esterification between β-glucans carboxylated and chitosan are dispersed, were prepared by the phase inversion induced by solvent evaporation
Summary
Wound healing is an important biological process involving tissue repair and regeneration following damage to the skin or intrinsic skin barriers [1,2]. Dressings intended for wound treatment are mostly developed from natural and synthetic polymers [8,9,10] In this regard, β-glucans, which are 1,3-bonded glucose polymers; 1,4 or 1,6 β-glycosidic bonds, coming from a variety of sources including yeasts, cereals, and mushrooms [11], are increasingly used in dermatology, including in wound care, for their multiple properties [12,13,14,15,16,17]. The improved performance, with respect to the individual biopolymers in terms of antibacterial and antioxidant properties, were evaluated by carrying out in vitro studies of prepared membranes
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