Multifunctional carboxymethyl chitosan/oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel loaded with ginsenoside Rg1 and polydopamine nanoparticles for infected diabetic wound healing

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Besides bacterial infection, diabetic wounds are often accompanied by local inflammatory response, oxidative stress imbalances, and vascular formation disorders, which are the main reasons for long-term non-healing of diabetic wounds. In order to solve this problem, Ch-OCMC-PDA NPs-Rg1 self-healing hydrogel was constructed by Schiff base reaction. With the addition of PDA NPs and Rg1, Ch-OCMC-PDA NPs-Rg1 hydrogel showed excellent physical properties, like compressive strength of 142 kPa, swelling ratio of 148.91 %, and Rg1 carried in the hydrogel could achieve a slow release of 90.59 % within 48 h. What's more, PDA NPs endowed it with highly efficient photothermal antibacterial properties. In addition to excellent biocompatibility, Ch-OCMC-PDA NPs-Rg1 hydrogel could effectively clear intracellular reactive oxygen species, promote macrophages M2 transformation, and facilitate human umbilical vein endothelial cells migration and tube formation. In vivo experiments exhibited that Ch-OCMC-PDA NPs-Rg1 hydrogel could reduce wound inflammation, stimulate early angiogenesis, promote collagen deposition, and shorten the healing process of diabetic infected wounds, and the wound healing rate was significantly increased compared with other groups, reaching 98.41 ± 0.31 %. In summary, the multi-functional dynamic Ch-OCMC-PDA NPs-Rg1 hydrogel provides a new possibility for the treatment of diabetic infection wounds.