Abstract
Detection of blood flow inside the tissue sample can be achieved by measuring the local change of complex signal over time in angiographic optical coherence tomography (OCT). In conventional angiographic OCT, the transverse displacement of the imaging beam during the time interval between a pair of OCT signal measurements must be significantly reduced to minimize the noise due to the beam scanning-induced phase decorrelation at the expense of the imaging speed. Recent introduction of dual-beam scan method either using polarization encoding or two identical imaging systems in spectral-domain (SD) OCT scheme shows potential for high-sensitivity vasculature imaging without suffering from spurious phase noise caused by the beam scanning-induced spatial decorrelation. In this paper, we present multi-functional angiographic optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) using frequency-multiplexed dual-beam illumination. This frequency multiplexing scheme, utilizing unique features of OFDI, provides spatially separated dual imaging beams occupying distinct electrical frequency bands that can be demultiplexed in the frequency domain processing. We demonstrate the 3D multi-functional imaging of the normal mouse skin in the dorsal skin fold chamber visualizing distinct layer structures from the intensity imaging, information about mechanical integrity from the polarization-sensitive imaging, and depth-resolved microvasculature from the angiographic imaging that are simultaneously acquired and automatically co-registered.
Highlights
Micro-vascular morphology has been considered as one of the major indicators in medical and biological researches characterizing tissue viability and functionality [1]
Angiographic optical coherence tomography (OCT), based on phase-resolved Doppler difference or variance, speckle variance, intensity decorrelation, or complex differential variance has emerged as a promising technique that visualizes three-dimensional (3D) microvascular networks by detecting spatially localized motion within the sample, e.g., blood flow [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]
We present multi-functional optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) performing angiographic and polarization-sensitive OCT imaging simultaneously
Summary
Micro-vascular morphology has been considered as one of the major indicators in medical and biological researches characterizing tissue viability and functionality [1]. Dual-beam scanning schemes were demonstrated utilizing polarization encoding [18,19] or two identical OCT systems [20] in spectral-domain (SD) OCT systems to achieve high-sensitivity angiographic OCT imaging. In this manuscript, we present multi-functional optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) performing angiographic and polarization-sensitive OCT imaging simultaneously. A frequency multiplexing scheme [21] enables the dual imaging beams that are encoded with distinct frequency shifts to perform high-speed and high-sensitivity angiographic OCT imaging. Distinct layer structures from the intensity imaging, information about mechanical integrity from the polarization-sensitive imaging, and depth-resolved microvasculature from angiographic imaging were simultaneously acquired and automatically co-registered
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