Abstract
Advanced multifunction titanium (Ti) based bone implant with antibacterial, angiogenic and osteogenic activities is stringently needed in clinic, which may be accomplished via incorporation of proper inorganic bioactive elements. In this work, microporous TiO2/calcium-phosphate coating on Ti doped with strontium, cobalt and fluorine (SCF-TiCP) was developed, which had a hierarchical micro/nano-structure with a microporous structure evenly covered with nano-grains. SCF-TiCP greatly inhibited the colonization and growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. No cytotoxicity appeared for SCF-TiCP. Furthermore, SCF-TiCP stimulated the expression of key angiogenic factors in rat bone marrow stem cells (MSCs) and dramatically enhanced MSC osteogenic differentiation. The in vivo animal test displayed that SCF-TiCP induced more new bone and tighter implant/bone bonding. In conclusion, multifunction SCF-TiCP of antibacterial, angiogenic and osteogenic activities is a promising orthopedic and dental Ti implant coating for improved clinical performance.
Highlights
Loading amounts and controlling the release rate[10]
The energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDX) results show that only Ti, O, Ca, and P were detected on TiO2/Ca-P coating (TiCP), while additional Sr, Sr/Co, and Sr/Co/F elements were detected in S-TiCP, SC-TiCP, and SCF-TiCP, respectively
The advanced multifunction coating with the antibacterial, angiogenic and osteogenic activities is required for improved clinical performance of Ti implant, and we propose that co-doping and delivering of inorganic bioactive elements including Sr, Co, and F is a good strategy
Summary
Loading amounts and controlling the release rate[10]. Regarding the antibacterial elements, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) exhibit only antibacterial ability, and over-incorporation of them may lead to cytotoxicity[11,12]. It is noted that an excessively high dose of such inorganic elements will induce toxicity[17], so for their incorporation to the implant surface, an optimal safe dose is important. MAO provides an effective means to incorporate the inorganic elements such as calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and Sr into the coating via adding them to the electrolyte[27,30]. Four different coatings, namely TiO2/Ca-P coating (TiCP), TiCP incorporated with Sr (S-TiCP), TiCP incorporated with Sr and Co (SC-TiCP), and TiCP incorporated with Sr, Co and F (SCF-TiCP), were formed by MAO on Ti. MSCs were seeded onto them to investigate whether they possess favorable cytocompatibility, and angiogenic and osteogenic activities. The in vivo osseointegration of the coatings was observed in rabbits
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