Abstract
Pyomyositis is a rare bacterial infection that used to prevail in tropical areas for the past century. Nowadays though, more and more cases are reported in high-temperature climate areas. Diagnosis is often delayed due to the variance in clinical presentation, the challenging nature of physical examination of a child, and lack of specific laboratory investigating tools. When the diagnosis is delayed, the outcome may be unpredictable. Multifocal localization through hematogenous or direct spread that may affect the skeletal bone tissue is common. Timely diagnosis and response is a race against septic shock.We present a case series of seven children diagnosed with pyomyositis due to Staphylococcus aureus. High or less clinical suspicion has obviously affected the final outcome since two patients who were not treated in time were subjected to a life-threatening hazard. Five patients who were diagnosed and treated within the first three days after initiation of their symptoms had a predictable and good outcome without complications.
Highlights
Pyomyositis is an infection that affects large skeletal muscle groups and forms abscesses
Pyomyositis is a rare bacterial infection that used to prevail in tropical areas for the past century
We present a case series of seven children diagnosed with pyomyositis due to Staphylococcus aureus
Summary
Pyomyositis is an infection that affects large skeletal muscle groups and forms abscesses. The muscles of the lower limb and thigh region are affected. Quadriceps, iliopsoas and gluteal muscles are the most common location of primary myositis [1]. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen in children, followed by β-hemolytic streptococcus group A, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus [2,3]. Pathogenesis and risk factors of the disease have been proposed. These include intensive exercise and local trauma, malnutrition, viral and parasitic infections, bacteremia, immunodeficiency or chronic illness [4]
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