Multiflavor and multiband observations of neutrinos from core collapse supernovae

Abstract

It has been proposed that the gamma-ray burst--supernova connection may manifest itself in a significant fraction of core collapse supernovae possessing mildly relativistic jets with wide opening angles that do not break out of the stellar envelope. Neutrinos would provide proof of the existence of these jets. In the present paper we calculate the event rate of $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ neutrino-induced cascades in ${\mathrm{km}}^{3}$ detectors. We also calculate the event rate for $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ neutrinos of all flavors with the DeepCore low energy extension of IceCube. The added event rate significantly improves the ability of ${\mathrm{km}}^{3}$ detectors to search for these gamma-ray dark bursts. For a core collapse supernova at 10 Mpc we find $\ensuremath{\sim}4$ events expected in DeepCore and $\ensuremath{\sim}6$ neutrino-induced cascades in IceCube/KM3Net. Observations at $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ are mostly sensitive to the pion component of the neutrino production in the choked jet, while the $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ depends on the kaon component. Finally we discuss extensions of the ongoing optical follow-up programs by IceCube and Antares to include neutrinos of all flavors at $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ and neutrino-induced cascades at $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ energies.