Abstract
Solid-state reaction between BaTiO3 and Fe2O3 was used to produce a multiferroic heterostructure composite. Commercial BaTiO3 and Fe(NO3)3?9H2O were suspended in ethanol for 30 minutes in an ultrasound bath. The prepared mixture was thermally processed at 300?C for 6 h. Sintering at 1300?C for 1 h resulted in a mixture of different phases, BaTiO3, BaFe12O19 and Ba12Ti28Fe15O84, which were confirmed by x-ray powder diffraction. A dense microstructure with a small volume fraction of closed porosity was indicated by the scanning electron microscopy, while a homogeneous distribution of Fe ions over BaTiO3 phase was visible from energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping. Doping of BaTiO3 with Fe2O3 resulted in formation of magnetic hexaferrite phases, as confirmed by dielectric measurements that showed a broadened maximum of the permittivity measured as a function of temperature.
Highlights
Magnetoelectric multiferroics have recently attracted great attention due to their extraordinary properties [1]
Sintering at 1300 oC for 1 h resulted in a mixture of different phases, BaTiO3, BaFe12O19 and Ba12Ti28Fe15O84, which were confirmed by x-ray powder diffraction
A dense microstructure with a small volume fraction of closed porosity was indicated by the scanning electron microscopy, while a homogeneous distribution of Fe ions over BaTiO3 phase was visible from energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping
Summary
Magnetoelectric multiferroics have recently attracted great attention due to their extraordinary properties [1]. I.e. compounds that exhibit two or more ferroic order phenomena in the same phase are scarse and there are only few known compounds with functional electric and magnetic properties especially close to room temperature. BaTiO3 is the most frequently used ferroelectric for designing magnetoelectric multiferroic materials [8,9]. Its various application-promising properties, encompassing a giant coercive field at room temperature, significant ferromagnetic resonance, and coupled magnetoelectric features that are not observed in any other simple metal oxide phase, raised its intense research in the past years [23]. Having in mind the interesting properties of the epsilon phase of Fe2O3, multiferroic composites based on ferroelectric BaTiO3 and magnetic ε-Fe2O3 are worth being investigated, including their behaviour at elevated temperatures. We have examined a BaTiO3/ε-Fe2O3 composite obtained by in-situ preparation of ε-Fe2O3 in nanocrystalline form
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