Abstract
HPV viruses are integral to the development of cervical cancer. The pathogenesis has been extensively studied. To date, numerous HPV tests and products have been developed and successfully utilized in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cervical cancer. The HPV DNA test, when combined with other routine cervical cancer screening and diagnostic tests namely exfoliative cytology, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and colposcopy has increased the detection rate of cervical cancer. HPV DNA products could also be measured in other body fluids like urine, lymph node tissue, and serum. HPV association could also be quantified by measuring other parameters like HPV mRNA, viral load, viral integration and methylation status. Vaccination against HPV has been found to decrease the incidence of cervical cancer. Further, therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer against HPV continue to evolve. All these findings pertaining to HPV could possibly decrease the incidence of cervical cancer in the near future. This review aims to give an overview of the HPV tests and products in use and those under trial currently.
Highlights
human papillomavirus (HPV) are a group of heterogeneous DNA viruses which infect the keratinocytes of human skin and mucosa to cause a variety of lesions like skin warts, genital warts, papilloma, cervical intraepithelial lesion and cancer
This review aims to give an overview of the HPV tests and products in use and those under trial currently
HPV are a group of heterogeneous DNA viruses which infect the keratinocytes of human skin and mucosa to cause a variety of lesions like skin warts, genital warts, papilloma, cervical intraepithelial lesion and cancer
Summary
HPV are a group of heterogeneous DNA viruses which infect the keratinocytes of human skin and mucosa to cause a variety of lesions like skin warts, genital warts, papilloma, cervical intraepithelial lesion and cancer. HPV have been studied extensively though knowledge of HPV associated lesions has been known since ancient times. Hippocrates described HPV in the 4th century as an ulcer transforming into cervical cancer left untreated. Papanicolaou, a Greek scientist, started describing virus related changes in squamous cells. His findings emerged into the Pap smear screening test later. The objective of this review is to give a short overview of different HPV related tests and products used in the management of HPV associated cervical cancer
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