Abstract
Ternary polymer blends comprising miscible and immiscible components are examined to improve the mechanical properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) under humid and high-temperature conditions. Miscible polymers increase the glass transition temperature (Tg), owing to their strong inter-molecular interactions, while phase-separated immiscible polymers reinforce the physical properties of PA6 as filler materials. Ternary blends exhibit these combined miscible and immiscible component contributions. Thus, in this study, ternary blends comprising PA6, polyethylene terephthalate (PET, immiscible component), and phenol novolac (PN, miscible component) are prepared by melt mixing. The PA6 stiffness in the water-absorbed state is reinforced by PET. Moreover, the proposed PA6/PET/PN ternary blends exhibit higher Tg values and lower water absorption rates than those of the PA6/PET binary blend, owing to the PN contribution. The PET and PN contributions are achieved independently and can be controlled via the composition ratios of the component polymers. Multifaceted property tailoring is thus demonstrated.
Highlights
Polyamide 6 (PA6) has been widely applied to industrial products such as electronics, packaging, and automobile parts
The PA6/polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/phenol novolac (PN) ternary blend displayed a combined behavior of PA6/PN and PA6/PET
The ternary blend showed a lower water absorption than that estimated from the weight fraction, owing to the intermolecular interactions between PA6 and PN
Summary
Polyamide 6 (PA6) has been widely applied to industrial products such as electronics, packaging, and automobile parts. Various polymer blends have been proposed to improve the mechanical properties of PA6 under humid and high-temperature conditions.[7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] Owing to the small mixing enthalpy of macromolecules, almost all polymer combinations are immiscible[5] and previous studies have mainly conducted PA6 polymer blending with immiscible components.[7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14] Blending high-Tg polymers, such as poly(phenylene sul de),[7,8] poly(phenylene oxide),[9,10,11] and polycarbonate (PC)[12,13,14] with PA6 are representative approaches to increase the PA6 stiffness at high temperatures. The PA6 in the samples was stained with ruthenium tetroxide and the samples were observed with a transmission electron microscope (H-7650, Hitachi, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV
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