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Abstract
This paper presents the results of a multifaceted analysis of the application of catalytic additives to hemp pellets’ combustion in a low-power boiler. The research concerns the effects of five catalytic additives applied inside the boiler’s combustion chamber—based on TiO2, MnO2, Cu(NO3)2 × 3H2O, H2PtCl6 solution, and 99.5% pure urea solution—on the quality of hemp pellets’ combustion process. For this purpose, technical and elemental analyses of the used fuel were performed. The chemical composition of exhaust gases (NOx, CO, SO2, and PM content) was also examined using an exhaust gas analyzer and a dust meter. The highest reductions in emissions of individual pollutants were for CO (−113%; combustion with Ad3), NOx (−66%; combustion with Ad 4), SO2 (−48%; combustion with Ad3), and PM (−78%; combustion with Ad1). The study also determined the amount of avoided costs due to the use of catalytic additives, as well as the annual prevented CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Due to rising fuel and energy prices, this study could be helpful for biomass boiler owners who would like to burn locally available raw materials and increase the combustion process’ efficiency.
Highlights
The energy industry is associated with continuous economic growth
Nitrogen oxides are emitted to the atmosphere mainly during fuel combustion processes, and the main emitters are transport and the energy industry [4,5]; their emission contributes to global warming, smog formation, and acid rain [6]
The analysis of physicochemical properties proved that hemp pellets are suitable for energetic use in the combustion process
Summary
The energy industry is associated with continuous economic growth. Despite the emergence of energy-saving solutions, the demand for energy is constantly growing. According to forecasts, from 2018 to 2050, global energy consumption will increase by 50%, and in the industrial sector by over 30% This will increase the consumption of non-renewable fuels, especially in industries where most customers use liquid or solid fuels. Air pollutants can be divided into primary and secondary types The former are emitted to the atmosphere from the source of their production, i.e., by power plants or heat sources in households. These pollutants include carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SOX), and nitrogen oxides (NOX). Nitrogen oxides are emitted to the atmosphere mainly during fuel combustion processes, and the main emitters are transport and the energy industry [4,5]; their emission contributes to global warming, smog formation, and acid rain [6]. Greenhouse gases mainly include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) [7,8]
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