Multienzymatic amperometric biosensor based on gold and nanocomposite planar electrodes for glycerol determination in wine

Abstract

Amperometric biosensors based on gold planar or nanocomposite electrode containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes for determination of glycerol were developed. The biosensors were constructed by immobilization of a novel multienzyme cascade consisting of glycerol kinase/creatine kinase/creatinase/sarcosine oxidase/peroxidase between a chitosan “sandwich.” A measuring buffer contained adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate, and an artificial electrochemical mediator ferrocyanide. The currents proportional to glycerol concentration were measured at working potential of −50 mV against Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The biosensors showed linearity over the ranges of 5–640 μM and 5–566 μM with detection limits of 1.96 and 2.24 μM and sensitivities of 0.80 and 0.81 nA μM −1, respectively. Both types of biosensors had a response time of 70 s. The biosensors demonstrated satisfactory operational stability (no loss of sensitivity after 90 consecutive measurements) and excellent storage stability (90% of the initial sensitivity after 15 months of storage at room temperature). The results obtained from measurements of wines correlated well with those obtained with an enzymatic–spectrophotometric assay. The presented multienzyme cascade can be used also for determination of triglycerides or various kinase substrates when glycerol kinase is replaced by other kinases.