Multielement Analysis of Pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis) by ICP-MS and Their Classification according to Different Small Geographical Origins.

Trung Nguyen-Quang,Giang Do-Hoang,Minh Truong-Ngoc,Sofia Gama

doi:10.1155/2021/8860852

Abstract

Statistical interpretation of the concentrations of 42 elements, determined using solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis and multivariate statistical methods, such as principal components analysis (PCA), was used to establish the provenance of pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis) from 6 areas in Ha Noi, Vietnam. Although pakchoi is widely cultivated and manufactured, no universal method is used to discriminate the origin of this vegetable. Our study introduced for the first time a method to classify pakchoi in small geographical areas. 42 metallic elements of pakchoi were detected by ICP-MS, which were further analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis to perform clusters based on the geographical locations. Eleven elements, i.e., 28Si; 56Fe; 59Co; 63Cu; 69Ga; 75As; 85Rb; 93Nb; 107Ag; 118Sn, and 137Ba, were identified as discriminators to distinguish pakchoi from those areas. Results from this study presented a new method to discriminant the geographical origins of pakchoi, which could apply to other types of vegetables on the food market.

Highlights

Discriminating the geographical origins of various food and drink products is growing considerably in recent years
Analysis [6]. e data of elements compositions are often combined with multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA), to reduce the dimension of the data matrix, visualize the similarities and differences among samples, and identify the key discriminants distinguishing the samples [7]
Us, this study presents a promising method to discriminate against the geographical origins of pakchoi by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) elemental analysis coupled with statistical principal component analysis. e proposed method may be utilized for discriminating against the origins of other vegetables

Summary

Introduction

Discriminating the geographical origins of various food and drink products is growing considerably in recent years. E geographical origin of vegetables, such as cabbages, was discriminated by 21 inorganic elements through ICP-MS analysis [6]. E data of elements compositions are often combined with multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA), to reduce the dimension of the data matrix, visualize the similarities and differences among samples, and identify the key discriminants distinguishing the samples [7]. No previous approach categorized the geographical origins based on the characterization of elemental compositions of pakchoi. Us, this study presents a promising method to discriminate against the geographical origins of pakchoi by using ICP-MS elemental analysis coupled with statistical principal component analysis. E proposed method may be utilized for discriminating against the origins of other vegetables Us, this study presents a promising method to discriminate against the geographical origins of pakchoi by using ICP-MS elemental analysis coupled with statistical principal component analysis. e proposed method may be utilized for discriminating against the origins of other vegetables

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

45 Sc27 Al 1461N33dCs 140 Ce