Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) threatens global TB control. Few children with MDR-TB are diagnosed and appropriately treated; this is related to difficulties confirming a diagnosis of TB disease and challenges with current treatment regimens. This review highlights recent developments in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of MDR-TB in children. Although phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) remains the gold standard, molecular DST methods are facilitating rapid confirmation of MDR-TB. Increased knowledge about correct paediatric dosing of existing drugs and the addition of new and repurposed drugs is improving treatment. Observational studies support the effectiveness of preventing disease in MDR-TB-exposed contacts. Although challenges remain, there have been many exciting developments in the diagnosis and treatment of MDR-TB in children; it is a priority to continue improving MDR-TB care and to improve access for children. Preventive therapy following MDR-TB exposure/infection is a promising strategy under evaluation.
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