Abstract
With the deterioration of the environment and the depletion of fossil fuel energy, renewable energy has attracted worldwide attention because of its continuous availability from nature. Despite this continuous availability, the uncertainty of intermittent power is a problem for grid dispatching. This paper reports on a study of the scheduling and optimization of microgrid systems for photovoltaic (PV) power and electric vehicles (EVs). We propose a mathematical model to address the uncertainty of PV output and EV charging behavior, and model scheduling optimization that minimizes the economic and environmental cost of a microgrid system. A semi-infinite dual optimization model is then used to deal with the uncertain variables, which can be solved with a robust optimization algorithm. A numerical case study shows that the security and stability of the solution obtained by robust optimization outperformed that of stochastic optimization.
Highlights
Energy shortages and environmental pollution are problems that cannot be ignored
The results show that compared with a deterministic strategy, the total profit of the electric vehicles (EVs) aggregators under the optimistic strategy had increased by 69.78% [16]
The participation of electric vehicles in microgrid dispatching provides a new solution for grid
Summary
Energy shortages and environmental pollution are problems that cannot be ignored. RO uses a set approach to represent uncertainty This method does not need to know the probability distribution of renewable energy output, nor does it depend on human activity. To alleviate the risk of microgrid energy trading under the uncertainty of renewable energy and transaction price, Luhao Wang et al proposed a risk avoidance method based on RO and created a two-stage energy-trading RO model Their results show that the model can achieve the optimal operating cost of the microgrid system and ensure the robustness of energy trading between systems at various prices [15]. Considering the uncertainty of the renewable energy output and EV charging behavior, in this study the RO theory was applied to a microgrid system containing a PV power station and EVs. To reduce the running cost and environmental cost, the goal was to build a multi-objective scheduling model.
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