Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Management of Epilepsy

Abstract

Recurrent seizures are the hallmark of epilepsy, a complicated neurological illness with a multifaceted aetiology involving cellular, molecular, and genetic factors. Genetic research has made significant strides in identifying the genes and loci linked to epilepsy, which has improved our understanding of the hereditary basis of the condition. Neuronal hyperexcitability is caused by molecular imbalances in neurotransmitter balance and receptor function, whereas cellular dysfunctions, such as anomalies in ion channels, affect the origin of seizures. With the emphasis on individualised treatment, new antiseizure drugs have been made possible by pharmacological developments. For patients who are resistant to medications, neurosurgical procedures such as neurostimulation and corresponding surgery provide options. Neuroimaging methods are vital in the surgical planning process. Potential treatment targets are highlighted by the thalamus's role in the spread of seizures. Patient-centered treatment is crucial since self-management techniques are essential for raising patients' quality of life. This comprehensive overview of epilepsy underscores the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in research and treatment to improve management and patient outcomes.