Abstract
Purpose of ReviewThis systematic review aimed to determine the effects of interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation programmes by looking at physical, psychosocial and return to work status of adult cancer patients.Recent FindingsThere is growing evidence that emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary rehabilitation especially in outpatient care, which addresses the complex and individual needs of cancer patients. Many studies focus on measuring the effect of individual rehabilitation interventions.SummaryRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) and before-after studies examining the effects of interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation programmes were included in this systematic review. The electronic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PEDro. The PICO statement was used for selection of the studies. Six randomized controlled trials and six before-after studies were included. Interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary outpatient cancer rehabilitation programmes improved physical and/or psychosocial status of cancer patients. However, non-significant changes in a variety of single physical and psychosocial measures were also common.The findings of the systematic review indicate that interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary outpatient cancer rehabilitation can improve cancer patients’ physical and psychosocial status. This review is limited by the narrative approach due to the heterogeneity of outcome measures. To evaluate effects of rehabilitation, better comparable studies are necessary. Further research is needed in regard to long-term outcomes, effects on return to work status and on the associations depending on cancer type.
Highlights
The number of people living with a cancer diagnosis is constantly increasing due to an aging population and successful cancer treatment
Further research is needed in regard to long-term outcomes, effects on return to work status and on the associations depending on cancer type
Four before-after studies showed that patients who underwent multidisciplinary outpatient cancer rehabilitation (MOCR) had improved their psychosocial status in a long-term view [19, 24–26]
Summary
The number of people living with a cancer diagnosis is constantly increasing due to an aging population and successful cancer treatment. WHO has defined rehabilitation as a “set of interventions designed to optimize functioning and reduce disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment” [3]. Studies mostly focus on measuring the effect of individual rehabilitation interventions after cancer diagnosis or treatment, such as physical activity [4]. It was observed in a meta-analysis that physical activity interventions helped reduce cancerrelated fatigue and anxiety and increased the functional QoL as well as aerobic fitness and muscle strength [5]
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