Abstract
An extensive 3-D model test program has been performed to study the effects of wave obliquity and multidirectionality on the hydraulic response of vertical (caisson) breakwaters. In this paper the results of the wave forces and pressures are shown. The measurements are compared with the Goda’s formula with some divergences. The tests show that multidirectional wave loads do not reduce with increasing obliquity of the mean direction, whereas a reduction occurs for oblique long-crested waves. Three-dimensional effects on the uplift forces are better described by Goda formulations and smaller scatter is observed when comparing with measurements. The analysis of the longitudinal distribution of the horizontal pressures confirmed that the global wave load decays with increasing multidirectionality and obliquity, with clear advantages for the design of long monolithic breakwaters.
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