Abstract
Self-propelled objects, which exhibit characteristic features of motion, are proposed based on nonlinear science. At first, a self-propelled object with length like undulatory swimming is designed, i.e., the phase of oscillation at several points on the object is propagated in the opposite direction of motion. Second, the vertical oscillation of a camphor disk is created at an amphiphilic molecular layer developed on water. The proposed systems suggest that nonlinearity can enhance the autonomy of self-propelled objects as multidimensional motion.
Highlights
Several types of inanimate self-propelled objects such as nano wires and Janus particles have been developed for environmental, industrial, and medical applications [1–4]
When a camphor disk attached to the bottom of a larger plastic circular plate was placed on water, oscillatory motion between rest and motion was observed, and the bifurcation between the continuous and oscillatory motion was determined by the location of the camphor disk [5, 6, 23, 27]
We propose novel self-propelled objects which exhibit multidimensional motion at the air–water interface under nonequilibrium: one is a self-propelled object with length like undulatory swimming and the other exhibits vertical oscillation of a camphor disk on an amphiphilic molecular layer developed on water
Summary
Several types of inanimate self-propelled objects such as nano wires and Janus particles have been developed for environmental, industrial, and medical applications [1–4]. We propose novel self-propelled objects which exhibit multidimensional motion at the air–water interface under nonequilibrium: one is a self-propelled object with length like undulatory swimming and the other exhibits vertical oscillation of a camphor disk on an amphiphilic molecular layer developed on water. The characteristic features of motion, i.e., no motion, oscillatory motion, and continuous motion, are determined by the value of the surface pressure and the nature of the phase in the nervonic acid molecular layer These results suggest that the characteristic features of motion can be designed based on the chemical structure of an amphiphilic molecule. The change in the surface pressure around the disk induces the change in the meniscus at the camphor solid/water interface including nervonic acid, and as a result, the vertical oscillation occurs
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