Multi-dimensional executive function by computer training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objective To explore the effects of computerized executive function training on the clinical core symptoms and executive function of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children by a randomized controlled trial. Methods Thirty-four cases diagnosed as ADHD according to the criteria of DSM-Ⅳ, aged 7 to 12 years, IQ≥80, were involved in the study. ADHD Rating Scale-Ⅳ (ADHD RS-Ⅳ), Trail making test, online executive function test, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), Chinese-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children were administered. The ADHD children were randomized into 2 groups. One of them accepted multi-dimensional executive function computer training and the other group accepted working memory training. Both groups needed to complete a 60 times, 24 minutes per time training in 12 weeks. Results The scores of ADHD RS-Ⅳ significantly decreased after 12-week trainings both in multi-dimensional executive function training group and working memory training group (F=15.624, P 0.05). The scores of the online executive function test, significantly increased after 12-week trainings in multi-dimensional executive function training group in speech working memory (Serial F=5.044, P<0.05; Reverse F=7.453, P<0.01), spatial working memory (F=8.319, P<0.01) and rapidly visual information search scores (F=6.160, P<0.05) while the working memory training group showed significant improvement in spatial working memory (F=4.751, P<0.01) and rapidly visual information search scores(F=3.662, P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion Both the multi-dimensional executive function training and working memory training probably be effective on clinical core symptoms the clinical symptoms and executive function of ADHD children in 12 weeks, with the better effect of multi-dimensional executive function training. Key words: Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity; Executive function; Working memory; Computerized executive function training