Abstract
The level of investment in AVs technology has been increasing over the years as both researchers and developers are cooperating with the objective of developing AVs and understanding their behaviors and implications. Despite the enthusiastic speculation about AVs, little is known about the implications of AVs on our lives and the intertwined relationships between the implications. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to reveal the benefits and risks of AVs and sketch out the main trends in this area in order to provide some directions and recommendations for the future. This study focuses on analyzing the impact of AVs on the required fleet size, vehicle utilization, cost of mobility, public transit service, public behavior, transportation network, land use, economy, environment, society, and public health. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the intertwined relationship between the implications of AVs. Additionally, the paper sheds light on the potential benefits and challenges of the deployment of AVs in developing countries. The analysis shows that while AVs offer multiple benefits, they also pose new risks. The degree to which AVs can affect our plant mainly depends on regulatory actions, as the broader implications of AVs are mainly dependent on how the technology will be adopted, which can be controlled by regulatory actions. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2021-07-06 Full Text: PDF
Highlights
The idea of vehicle automation has always been a source of interest to researchers in the history of transportation
In the 70s, the main focus was devoted to the idea of smart highways that were based on the magnets added to the vehicles [2]. 1980 was a turning point in the transportation engineering field the first autonomous vehicle was invested as a result of the partnership between Mercedes-Benz and the Bundeswehr University in Munich [3]
Levels 1 to 4 refer to partial automation as follows: Level 1 refers to the automation of one control function, such as the lane-keeping assistance system, Level 2 refers to the automation of two control functions, Level 3 means that the vehicle is able to perform most of the driving tasks but human override is still required, and Level 4 refers to full automation but the driver is able to override the automation actions [5, 6]
Summary
The idea of vehicle automation has always been a source of interest to researchers in the history of transportation. One of the early attempts in the way for vehicle automation was the vehicle-to-vehicle communication system that was first proposed and discussed in 1920 [1] This was followed by the invention of the electromagnetic guidance system that is used for vehicle guidance in 1930. 1980 was a turning point in the transportation engineering field the first autonomous vehicle was invested as a result of the partnership between Mercedes-Benz and the Bundeswehr University in Munich [3]. This invention opened the way towards thinking of other aspects and dimensions of AVs, such as the legislation adoption, the ethical issues, and the social impacts. Levels 1 to 4 refer to partial automation as follows: Level 1 refers to the automation of one control function, such as the lane-keeping assistance system, Level 2 refers to the automation of two control functions, Level 3 means that the vehicle is able to perform most of the driving tasks but human override is still required, and Level 4 refers to full automation but the driver is able to override the automation actions [5, 6]
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