Abstract
Conventional angiography is still considered the gold standard for the study of the anatomy and of vascular diseases of the abdomen. However, the advent of multidetector computed tomography and techniques of digital image reconstruction has provided an alternative means of performing angiography, without the risks inherent to invasive angiographic examinations. Therefore, within the field of radiology, there is an ever-increasing demand for deeper knowledge of the anatomy of the regional vasculature and its variations. Variations in the renal vascular system are relatively prevalent in the venous and arterial vessels. For various conditions in which surgical planning is crucial to the success of the procedure, knowledge of this topic is important. The aim of this study was to familiarize the general radiologist with variations in the renal vascular system. To that end, we prepared a pictorial essay comprising multidetector computed tomography images obtained in a series of cases. We show patterns representative of the most common anatomical variations in the arterial blood supply to the kidneys, calling attention to the nomenclature, as well as to the clinical and surgical implications of such variations.
Highlights
Variations in the patterns of blood supply and ramification of the abdominal vessels are common in the vascular bed of the genitourinary system, and knowledge of these variations is almost as important as is that of the so-called
maximum intensity projection (MIP) and volume rendering (VR) have similar resolution and contrast, some authors, such as Urban et al[5], ascribe a certain advantage to VR, in the visualization of tortuous vessels when it is necessary to determine which are closer or farther from the observer. The objective of this pictorial essay was to familiarize radiologists with the variations found in the renal vascular system, emphasizing prevalence, the most adequate appropriate terms and the clinical and surgical implications involved
Reducing warm ischemia time is one of the technical measures that can improve the functional results of partial nephrectomy[13,14,15,16]
Summary
Variations in the patterns of blood supply and ramification of the abdominal vessels are common in the vascular bed of the genitourinary system, and knowledge of these variations is almost as important as is that of the so-called. MIP and VR have similar resolution and contrast, some authors, such as Urban et al[5], ascribe a certain advantage to VR, in the visualization of tortuous vessels when it is necessary to determine which are closer or farther from the observer (more superficial or deeper in the examined region, for example). The objective of this pictorial essay was to familiarize radiologists with the variations found in the renal vascular system, emphasizing prevalence, the most adequate appropriate terms and the clinical and surgical implications involved. We used the MPR (2D), MIP and VR (3D) methods to acquire images in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes
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