Abstract
Abstract Several independent historical studies of global atmospheric and oceanic parameters have identified low-frequency fluctuations in the global climate system. Much of this research has focused on Europe, the Atlantic Ocean, and North America. However, recent interest has begun to encompass decadal to multidecadal variability across the Indo-Pacific region. Such variability has been detected in sea surface temperature (SST), mean sea level pressure (MSLP), and surface wind fields over both the landmasses and the oceans. Around the Indian Ocean basin, the broad periods before and after the 1940s show important differences in features such as Indian southwest monsoonal rainfall and circulation patterns, relationships between austral summer rainfall in southern Africa and the El Ni˜o–Southern Oscillation phenomenon, and Australasian MSLP. Very little is known about this variability, particularly during the austral summer. In an effort to isolate such fluctuations and work toward understanding the physi...
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