Abstract
The development of national identity in a highly multicultural nation begins by identifying oneself to a particular ethnic group and realizing that multiculturalism is the bridge between both identities. This research aims to discover the link between national identity, ethnic identity, and multiculturalism in Indonesia, specifically for Javanese. This study utilized three measurement scales: (1) National Identity Scale to measure national identity; (2) Ethnic Identity Scale to measure the sense of belongingness to the Javanese ethnicity; and (3) Universal Diverse Orientation (UDO), to measure multiculturalism. This study's participants consist of 441 college students in Yogyakarta (male = 115; female = 326), ranging from 17 to 21. The regression analysis result shows that the mediation model supports this research hypothesis, namely that multiculturalism mediates the relationship between ethnic identity and national identity. Therefore, the current finding generates a new conception regarding the related theme.
Highlights
National identity is often perceived as a critical aspect of a nation’s competence, partly because it refers to an individual’s identification towards a social group or country in the modern world (Davidov, 2009)
The purpose of this research is to examine the model between ethnic identity, national identity, and multiculturalism proposed by the researcher towards one of the largest ethnic groups in Indonesia, namely Java
This research shows that ethnic identity has a role in the formation of national identity
Summary
National identity is often perceived as a critical aspect of a nation’s competence, partly because it refers to an individual’s identification towards a social group or country in the modern world (Davidov, 2009). Studies have highlighted the positive contribution that national identity has towards nation integration, within the immigrants’ context. An experimental study on natives’ attitudes toward immigrants in Germany, France, and the USA discovered that immigrant and native-origin individuals are more likely to be viewed as ideal representatives of the nation when employed in occupations that reflect national identity (Maxwell, 2016). It is useful in driving negative public opinion towards harmonization (Luedtke, 2005). The positive contribution of national identity towards a nation is seldom contested. One remaining debate that continues to be discussed is multiculturalism in developing national identity
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