Abstract
In this chapter we discuss the phase relations of some geologically important systems in which both ordering and phase separation occur. In all these systems, the space group relations between high- and low-temperature phases are permissive of second-order phase transitions (Landau and Lifshitz, 1969), but the order of transition depends on temperature and bulk composition. Invariant points, e.g., in composition versus temperature space, at which second-order transitions change into first-order transitions are called multicritical points, a category that includes tricritical points, critical end points, bicritical points, and tetracritical points, as discussed below.
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