Abstract
Today’s air traffic system is faced with airspace capacity constraints that can cause inefficiencies in flight and in airport ground handling. Free routing performance-based navigation and harmonized airspace structures are seen as efficient mitigation measures to save distance and fuel, as far as free routes are implemented as optimized and predictable trajectories. In this case, a monitoring of the air traffic system is expected due to an improved predictability of those trajectories. In this paper, a trajectory optimization model for three-dimensional free routes considering multiple targets is presented, including operational costs, time costs, environmental costs, and expected external costs of condensation trails. The model is applied for a case study that looks at optimization of trajectories for an entire day based on the departure airport, arrival airport, and departure time in July of 2016. The resulting trajectories are evaluated against the number of conflicts. The case study shows that today’s air traffic demand already stresses the free route capacity when considering efficiency, ecological compatibility, and safety standards.
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