Abstract
This paper presents the results of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach for flood risk and sediment management in dynamic alluvial fan. The study is based on real problems of Koshi River, Nepal. Criteria weighting for each measure were estimated using Entropy, AHP and AHP-Entropy techniques. Preference ranking of alternatives was prioritized using MCDM methods—ELECTRE, TOPSIS and SAW. Five alternate measures for flood risk management and eight alternate measures for sediment control with seven evaluation criteria comprising economic, social, environmental and political aspects were taken into account. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between the criteria weighting techniques AHP and AHP-Entropy, Entropy and AHP-Entropy and AHP with Entropy were 0.964, 0.429 and 0.321 respectively. Preference ranks were determined using nine combinations of criteria weighting techniques and preference ranking methods. In the case of flood risk management, using of old Koshi channel was recommended as the highest prioritized solution. Similarly, for sediment control, reduction of upstream sediment supply was recommended as the top prioritized measures. The Euclidean distance test for each pairs of criteria weighting and prioritization methods showed all three MCDM methods of preference ranking were sensitive to weighting. On implementation of the recommended measures, local people of Sunsari, Saptari and Morang districts of Nepal will be highly benefited.
Highlights
This paper presents the results of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach for flood risk and sediment management in dynamic alluvial fan
Nine combinations of criteria weighting and preference ranking MCDM methods are analyzed to prioritize alternatives for both hydraulic measures and sediment control measures and results are presented in tabular form (Table 5, Table 6)
From the final ranking of alternatives the preferred solutions for hydraulic measures can be prioritized as follow: Q3 > Q5 > Q2 > Q4 > Q1 Where, AE-E = weighting by Analytic hierarchy process method (AHP) and Entropy and preference ranking by ELECTRE method, AE-T = Weighting by AHP and Entropy and preference ranking by TOPSIS method, AE-S = Weighting by AHP and Entropy and
Summary
Most of the major rivers, which flow through Nepalese territory, are of snow fed characteristics and trans-boundary type. They originate from the Himalayas; flows through Siwaliks and Terai plain before crossing the Nepal-India border and are taken as the boon to these areas. Flood control in Nepal especially in the Terai region (Southern flat plain of Nepal) is a relatively recent issue. Until the middle of the past century natural forests covered the Terai and population was limited, because of the malaria risks. After the eradication of malaria and the related deforestation the population density of the Terai increased substantially, amongst by the migration from hill tribes into the Terai. The increased rate of deforestation put the pressure for additional flood control measures
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