Abstract
Multicomponent nanocomposites for anticancer therapy were prepared, characterized, and tested for their antitumor efficacy. The water-soluble star-like dextran-graft-polyacrylamide copolymer was used as a nanoplatform for the creation of polymer-based multicomponent drug delivery systems for photodynamic and combined (photodynamic+chemotherapy) antitumor therapy. The three-component nanocomposites with incorporated gold nanoparticles and photosensitizer and the four-component ones additionally loaded by Doxorubicin into polymer nanoplatform were studied at 25 and 37°C by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Nanocomposites were tested for their photodynamic cytotoxicity for the cell line of breast cancer MCF-7/S. Three-component nanocomposites demonstrated higher efficacy than the four-component ones. The decrease in the activity of the four-component systems is explained by the aggregation process caused by the introduction of an additional component, which leads to a decrease in the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the polymer macromolecule.
Highlights
Actual cancer statistics indicate the need for innovative approaches, including nanotechnology, for efficient cancer diagnosis and therapy
The results proved low in vitro toxicity of examined composite like Polymer/AuNP sample even in high doses
When the copolymers were conjugated with both AgNPs and Cisplatin, the three-component nanosystem showed a lower cytotoxic effect [27], which was caused by the aggregation process in multicomponent systems. It is shown in the current work that the polymer-based multicomponent nanosystem Polymer/AuNPs/Chlorin e6 (Ce6) demonstrated high efficacy in photodynamic therapy (PDT), but the addition of the fourth component Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) to this composite resulted in a decrease of antitumor efficacy
Summary
Actual cancer statistics indicate the need for innovative approaches, including nanotechnology, for efficient cancer diagnosis and therapy. The malignant tumor treatments use radiation, overheating (hyperthermia), excess oxygen (hyperoxygenation), and some harmful chemical substances or mutagens [1]. Researchers combine various inhibitory effects on cancer cells. In photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), the desired effects of heat generation by metal nanoparticles and activation of photosensitizers (PS) occur in response to applied irradiation with specific light wavelengths. Cytotoxic photothermal heating together with reactive singlet oxygen can trigger apoptotic and necrotic cancer cell death [2, 5]. The combination of multifunctional plasmonic nanoparticles and fluorescent photodynamic agents activated by near-infrared lasers has been the subject of research with encouraging results [3,4,5,6]
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