Multi‐component coupling synergistic effect of resourced gold tailings on intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene

Abstract

AbstractAddressing the challenge of resource utilization of gold tailings. A high performance flame‐retardant fillers (K‐GTF) were prepared from gold tailings (GTF) by coupling and condensation for application to intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene (PP). K‐GTF enhances the flame‐retardant, thermal stability, smoke suppression and mechanical properties of flame‐retardant PP through synergistic approach. The results show that K‐GTF demonstrates good flame‐retardant synergism, with PP composites containing 3% additive (PP/G3) exhibiting substantial flame‐retardant and smoke suppression characteristics. Notably, PP/G3 boasts a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 36.1%, which is substantially higher than the 33.6% LOI of the flame‐retardant PP without added K‐GTF (PP/G0). Furthermore, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), peak smoke production rate (PSPR), total heat release rate (THR), and total smoke production (TSP) of PP/G3 were decreased by 32.5%, 26.9%, 31.6%, and 21.5%, respectively, as compared to PP/G0. According to the synergistic mechanism analysis, K‐GTF exerts a multi‐component coupling synergistic effect, which promotes the production of phosphorus‐rich cross‐linking structures in flame‐retardant PP materials during the combustion, thereby promotes the formation of stable, dense and intumescent char to further enhances the flame‐retardant performance of the PP materials. In terms of mechanical effects, the introduction of K‐GTF alleviates the issue of a substantial decline in mechanical properties typically caused by flame retardants in PP materials. This indicates that K‐GTF improves the compatibility between the flame retardants and the PP matrix, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the flame‐retardant PP materials.Highlights Successfully synthesis a flame‐retardant synergist (K‐GTF). K‐GTF has good synergistic flame‐retardant effect. K‐GTF substantially enhances char formation and thermal stability of flame‐retardant PP. K‐GTF exerts a multi‐component coupling synergistic effect. K‐GTF enhances the compatibility between the PP matrix and the flame retardants.